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After a long time filled with worry and speculation, Brazilians and German conservationists were able successfully reintroduce a couple of couples back to their natural habitat. Their story is inspirational however, it is also filled with backbiting and jealousies.

The first hurdle was obtaining enough birds to exchange. The macaws are monogamous therefore the pairs had to be matched properly.

Range

A South African couple is working to save the critically endangered Spix's macaw which was declared extinct in 2000 following years of poaching and loss of habitat. They have a small number of the birds in captivity and they hope to release them close to Curaca. They call the birds little blue friends, and compare their experience to the journey of Presley the only known Spix's Macaw found in the wild. They describe him as a true survivor, who lost his family, but kept his faith in his region. They consider their lives in the Caatinga as being similar to his and feel a strong affinity with him.

The discovery of the last Spix's macaw offered researchers with an opportunity to examine its behavior in the wild and gain a better understanding of how the species has survived for so long. This enabled researchers to estimate the population of this rare bird more precisely. Researchers were able to collect important details about the bird's daily movement, its seasonal adaptation to drought, and eating habits. They also monitored reproduction attempts using the hybrid Illiger's and Spix's macaw pair which was a significant step towards the recovery of this species.

It was a remarkable accomplishment that this bird was able to survive and thrive in the wild despite a limited gene pool, and has helped scientists to understand how these birds could be returned to the wild. The survival of the last bird motivated people to act in order to save other parrots as well as endangered species. Zoos have also been enticed to develop their own captive breeding programs for these exotic bird species.

This working group is an example of how conservation groups and other organizations can work together to protect endangered species of wildlife and animals. It brings Brazilian officials from government as well as representatives from zoos, international holders of this rare bird, and ornithologists together with one common goal: the recovery of the Spix's macaw.

The group has accomplished a lot of work, including developing a plan for reintroducing the bird into the wild. The group also raised funds to support community outreach as well as field research and captive-bred birds for the project. The group has also established a permanent committee to recover the bird.

Habitat

Threatened by habitat destruction and poaching, the Spix's macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii) was believed to be extinct in the wild 10 years ago. Aviculturists, ornithologists and other experts continue to fight to save this iconic bird back from the brink of extinction.

The Spix's Macaw is well-known to millions of people all over the world due to a well-known animated film and two sequels. This is just the beginning on the long journey of returning these birds. For decades, an international team has been working to breed and reintroduce captive-raised Spix's macaws into the wild.

The Spix's Macaw is native to a small portion of northeast Brazil known as the Caatinga an arid area of flat savannah scrubland scattered with seasonal creeks and gallery forests. It was first described in 1819 and is one of least-known Neotropical Parrots. There are only sporadic glimpses of the wild, few captive birds, and a handful of museum specimens.

To preserve the dwindling population In order to protect the declining population, an international committee was established which brought together aviculturists who were the last to hold the birds and government officials. The group formed a collaboration with the world-renowned non-profit organisation Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP) of Qatar to develop a comprehensive program to reintroduce captive-bred Spix's Macaws to their natural habitat in northeast Brazil.

AWWP has bought and is recovering 2,380 hectares of prime habitat in the Caatinga, near Curaca, Brazil. AWWP also breeds and raises birds that will be released in the wild. This will give an animal that is genetically pure for the future generations.

Spix's Macaws are typically found in trees, and are rarely seen on the ground. They typically build nests in tree holes or hollows and hunt for fruits seeds, nuts, seeds and other plants. They can spend up to one third of the time in the nest.

To help track the Spix's macaws as well as their movements, a local community was recruited to join the field team. The members of the community were given watches that could be activated in the event the Spix's macaw was detected which allowed them to keep on top of the birds' movements and their daily movements in the wild. This method has proven successful.

Diet

The Spix's Mindy catalina macaw is the only species belonging to the genus Cyanopsitta. The International Union for Conservation of Nature declared it extinct in the wild on April 1st, 2019. This was in the wake of the last wild parrot was lost in 2000, and no more birds were discovered in subsequent surveys. However, a reintroduction project is currently in progress to bring back this critically endangered bird to its natural habitat in the Caatinga.

The northeast region of Brazil is home to about 10% of the entire country. Spix's Macaws nested in the hollows of old caraibeira trees and were recognized for their dietary habits of eating seeds and nuts.

Reintroduction of the Spix’s hythian macaw for sale into the wild is currently in progress. Eight captive-raised Spix's macaws were released in the wild in June. Twelve more birds are expected to be released by 2022. They will be joined by a group of Blue-winged Macaws that have been released back into the same area, and will help to share information about food sources and nesting and roosting sites.

The reintroduction programme has already collected vital biological data about the behavior of the bird, including details about daily movement patterns and adjustments to drought. It also provides a window into the natural history of the Spix's Mindy catalina macaw and helped to better understand what led to its extinction in the wild.

Spix's Macaws consume the seeds, fruits, and nuts of a variety of plants native to the Caatinga Biome. This includes the pinhao-bravo (Jatropha mollissima) and linhas Brasil (Senegalia tenuifolia), along with the Joazeiro (Ziziphus Joazeiro) and facheiro Cactus (Pilosocereus pachycladus). They also eat the fruit of palms of acai (Acaia oliva) or mofumbo (Combretum leprosum).

Spix's Macaws, like all parrots and other birds are social birds and form close bonds with their parents. They are very vocal and often imitate human speech and other sounds. They have a mating call called "whichaka," described as an extremely short and repetitive sound similar to a flutist note. When they are in a breeding mode, they are known to fly fast and high.

Breeding

Spix's Macaws are extremely intelligent and social birds. They communicate through screeching, squawking and other sounds. As with many parrots they can mimic human speech. They have a strict routine, including routines for bathing and flight. They are also able to recognize other members of their family. They are very popular as pets, and are frequently targeted by illegal bird trade because of this.

In the early 1980s only three Spix's macaws remained in the wild. They were all poached. In 1995, poachers killed the male and female birds as part of an attempt to pair them. Since since then, all Spix's Macaws known have been captive-bred – mostly in Brazil.

The handful of Spix's macaws that are in captivity are made up of individuals who are the descendants of only two individuals, making them susceptible to illness and other environmental issues. The majority of the birds in captivity are in a breeding center in Germany however, in the year 2003 an agreement between the German conservation center and the Brazilian government expired without renewal and causing doubt about future plans to repatriate the birds and reintroduce them back into the wild.

Despite their low numbers of captive-bred Spix's macaws, captive-bred species show some signs of improvement. This was evident when a Swiss breeder beat a sheikh from Qatar to purchase from a collector three Spix's Macaws that weren't part of the breeding program.

In part because of this and other efforts the captive-bred bird population is beginning to grow, though not at a rapid pace. Keeping them healthy and producing will be crucial for reintroducing the birds back into the wild. The selection of the right birds for release is also critical. Macaws should be at a reproductive age and be joined by one of their siblings or a close relative.

It's not easy to bring the Spix's Macaw back into the wild but it's important to try. To help, ABC and partners have started a reserve system that is designed to safeguard the species' last remaining habitats. The eight Spix's Macaws that were released recently will be joined by blue-winged Macaws. These macaws are more common in Caatinga, and they live in areas where the Spix's macaws also reside. These birds will help macaws adjust to their new environment and will also provide safety by numbers.